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Power / Boiler Feed Water
Technical Briefs
TB 81: Advanced Membrane Degassing Technology for Radiation Source Term Reduction and Corrosion Control in Nuclear Power Plants
Dissolved gas control in a nuclear power plant’s water system can be essential to reduce radiation source term. Controlling dissolved gases can also reduce the formation of unwanted radionuclides, such as 14C and oxides of 60Co, and alleviate Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking (PWSCC). Recently, several nuclear power plants have installed Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors into their water systems to remove dissolved gases to help reduce the formation of radionuclides and help protect operators and the environment.
TB 80: Oxygen Removal from Feedwater of a Central District Heating System
In central district heating systems heated water from power plants is distributed to residential and industrial areas by insulated piping networks. Large storage tanks are typically used to safely store heat for use during periods of peak load demand. To prevent internal corrosion and to increase the lifetime of piping and storage tanks, inlet water should be deoxygenated with Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors.
TB 75: Power Plant Installs Advanced Membrane System to Reduce Capital Costs and Decrease Energy Use
This technical brief describes how Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors were installed as part of an Integrated Membrane System (IMS) in a power plant. This advanced membrane-based industrial water treatment system replaced a conventional water treatment system resulting in reduced capital costs, lowered energy use and the improved water reclaim rate.
TB 57: Generating Station Saves 50% in Capital by Using Liqui-Cel® Contactors to Extend Mixed Bed Life
14x28 Liqui-Cel® decarbonators are the chemical free choice used to decarbonate water feeding the mixed beds.
TB 56: Power Plant in Thailand Uses Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors to Remove CO2 From Water
Liqui-Cel® degasifiers are used to remove CO2 from water that feeds a high pressure boiler.
TB 50: Taiwan O2 CO2 Removal Case Study
Power plant uses Liqui-Cel® degassing contactors for CO2 Removal from water.
TB 48: Nuclear Power Plant Uses Liqui-Cel® Contactors for Dissolved Oxygen Removal to Prevent Corrosion
Case Study demonstrating the use of Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors for O2 and CO2 removal from water without chemicals.
TB 47: The Kori Nuclear Power Plant Uses Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors for Liquid Degassing
Kori Nuclear Power Plant uses Liqui-Cel® degasifiers to remove O2 to prevent corrosion in their boiler feedwater system.
TB 15: Deoxygenated Make-Up Water in Power Plant Using Liqui-Cel® Contactors
This power plant case study discusses using Liqui-Cel® degassers for oxygen removal from water and corrosion control.
TB 10: Baltimore Gas and Electric-Uses Liqui-Cel® Deoxygenators in Nuclear Power Plant
Power plant uses Liqui-Cel® Degassers for oxygen removal from water.
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Controlling gas levels in the power plant and boiler feedwater systems is very critical to plant operation. It is important to remove both CO2 from water and O2 from water. Both of these gasses are corrosive and they can negatively impact the boiler performance and corrode metals in contact with the boiler feed water. Historically chemical injection, vacuum towers, and/or forced draft deaerators were used to remove oxygen and carbon dioxide from boiler feedwater. Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors, however, offer many advantages over these outdated technologies and many plants are choosing membrane systems because they are economical and compact.
Chemical injection often used in boiler maintenance puts excess deposits on metal surfaces. People are also required to handle the chemicals and this is a potential health risk to employees. As chemical deposits accumulate on the boiler surfaces, the boiler has to be shut down and cleaned in a process called blow down. Blow down frequency periods increase when chemicals are injected into the feedwater. As blow down increases, operating costs increase as well because blow down generates a loss of water and a loss of heat in the system that needs to be reestablished after blow down is complete.
Membrane Contactors are extremely attractive to the many industries that rely on boilers for power. Membrane Contactors have 10 times more surface area compared to most vacuum towers and forced draft systems which means they are very small and compact and can be installed inside. Inside installation near the boiler requires less piping and has lower installation costs. Membrane contactors can be run in-line and under pressure. Because there is still positive pressure at the outlet of a Membrane system, repressurization pumps can also be alleviated.
Oxygen removal to 1ppb can easily be achieved with membrane contactors. Compare that to a typical vacuum tower that can only achieve 7ppb. Likewise dissolved CO2 can also be removed to 1ppm. That is also lower than what a typical forced draft deaerator can produce.
Corrosion Control in the Boiler feedwater and power industries is also a very important step to protecting piping and equipment. For more technical information on chemical free boiler feedwater degassing, please review the Technical Briefs to the right.
Chemical injection often used in boiler maintenance puts excess deposits on metal surfaces. People are also required to handle the chemicals and this is a potential health risk to employees. As chemical deposits accumulate on the boiler surfaces, the boiler has to be shut down and cleaned in a process called blow down. Blow down frequency periods increase when chemicals are injected into the feedwater. As blow down increases, operating costs increase as well because blow down generates a loss of water and a loss of heat in the system that needs to be reestablished after blow down is complete.
Membrane Contactors are extremely attractive to the many industries that rely on boilers for power. Membrane Contactors have 10 times more surface area compared to most vacuum towers and forced draft systems which means they are very small and compact and can be installed inside. Inside installation near the boiler requires less piping and has lower installation costs. Membrane contactors can be run in-line and under pressure. Because there is still positive pressure at the outlet of a Membrane system, repressurization pumps can also be alleviated.
Oxygen removal to 1ppb can easily be achieved with membrane contactors. Compare that to a typical vacuum tower that can only achieve 7ppb. Likewise dissolved CO2 can also be removed to 1ppm. That is also lower than what a typical forced draft deaerator can produce.
Corrosion Control in the Boiler feedwater and power industries is also a very important step to protecting piping and equipment. For more technical information on chemical free boiler feedwater degassing, please review the Technical Briefs to the right.
Technical Papers
Membrane Contactors: An Introduction To The Technology
This paper provides a good overview to Membrane Contactor technology. Principles of Membrane Contactor Operation and mass transfer principles are discussed.
Membrane Contactors are used as a Boiler Feedwater Deaerator
Read how Membrane Contactors are used as a Boiler Feedwater Deaerator to reduce blow down frequency and chemical usage.
Degasification of Boiler Feed Water with Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors
This paper discusses how Liqui-Cel® Degasifiers can be optimized as boiler feed water deaerators for oxygen removal from water and carbon dioxide removal from water. Advantages of Liqui-Cel® systems over conventional deaerators and forced draft degasifiers are also highlighted.
