Carbon Dioxide Removal from Water

Technical Briefs

TB 68: Chemical Cost Comparison LC vs. Traditional Deaeration System
This technical brief details the process a company goes through when weighing the operating costs and performance of different degassing systems.

TB 81: Advanced Membrane Degassing Technology for Radiation Source Term Reduction and Corrosion Control in Nuclear Power Plants
 Dissolved gas control in a nuclear power plant’s water system can be essential to reduce radiation source term. Controlling dissolved gases can also reduce the formation of unwanted radionuclides, such as 14C and oxides of 60Co, and alleviate Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking (PWSCC). Recently, several nuclear power plants have installed Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors into their water systems to remove dissolved gases to help reduce the formation of radionuclides and help protect operators and the environment.

TB 76: Liqui-Cel^® Membrane Contactor Degassing System Installed to Increase Well Pumping Efficiency in Rockland County New York
This technical brief describes how Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors were evalulated and used to improve the flow rates of wells operated by United Water of New York (UWNY) by removing dissolved gasses. The reduced operating costs and lower capital requirements gave Liqui-Cel Contactors the edge over competing technologies.

TB 75: Power Plant Installs Advanced Membrane System to Reduce Capital Costs and Decrease Energy Use
This technical brief describes how Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors were installed as part of an Integrated Membrane System (IMS) in a power plant. This advanced membrane-based industrial water treatment system replaced a conventional water treatment system resulting in reduced capital costs, lowered energy use and the improved water reclaim rate.

TB 73: Liqui-Cel® Contactors Used to Meet Pure Steam Requirements in Pharmaceutical Industry
Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors can improve the efficiency and reduce operating costs associated with using pure steam to sterilize pharmaceutical products.

TB 72: Chinese Chemical Plant Optimizes Water Treatment with Liqui-Cel® Contactors
This case study describes how a chemical company replaced their double pass RO system with RO+Liqui-Cel to Optimize their process.

TB 63: Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors are widely used in the soft drink and brewing industries to Control dissolved gasses
This paper provides an overview of the principles of Membrane Contactor Operation for the Beverage market and why they should be used to save operating costs and improve processes.

TB 62: Liqui-Cel® Membrane Degassing Modules Improve Ice Production at the Ice Palace in Moscow
This case study describes an innovative approach that was used by the Ice Palace in Moscow to produce clearer ice in their arena.

TB 59: Optimized Deaeration System for Paulaner Brewery
This case study shows how this brewery utilized Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors to build a modular deaeration system that reduced energy consumption.

TB 57: Generating Station Saves 50% in Capital by Using Liqui-Cel® Contactors to Extend Mixed Bed Life
14x28 Liqui-Cel® decarbonators are the chemical free choice used to decarbonate water feeding the mixed beds.

TB 56: Power Plant in Thailand Uses Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors to Remove CO2 From Water
Liqui-Cel® degasifiers are used to remove CO2 from water that feeds a high pressure boiler.

TB 50: Taiwan O2 CO2 Removal Case Study
Power plant uses Liqui-Cel® degassing contactors for CO2 Removal from water.

TB 39: Japanese Brewery Uses Liqui-Cel Contactors in 3 Breweries
Liqui-Cel® degasifiers reduce corrosion by removing O2 and CO2 from water at Kirin Brewery.

TB 38: Chemical-Free Membrane Degassing in Pharmaceutical Plants
Membrane degasifiers are used instead of chemicals for oxygen and carbon dioxide removal from water.

TB 37: CO2: Liqui-Cel® Contactors Compared to a Forced Draft Deaerator
This is a CO2 removal technology comparison of Forced Draft Degasifiers and Liqui-Cel® Contactors.

TB 19: Improving Outlet Water Quality of RO and EDI Systems
CO2 removal from water with Liqui-Cel® Contactors improves performance of RO-EDI systems.

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For years, many industries have used Liqui-Cel® Contactors for carbon dioxide removal from water. Systems utilizing RO and EDI or CDI technologies need to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the water. High inlet conductivity levels into an EDI or CDI device will reduce the resistivity of the outlet water.

A common cause of the high conductivity is dissolved carbon dioxide. Membrane contactors provide a clean, maintenance free method to remove carbon dioxide from water without any chemical pH adjustment. EDI and CDI systems produce higher quality water if the CO2 has been removed upstream. Silica and Boron outlets in the EDI/CDI units are also improved when CO2 is not present.

Additionally, Liqui-Cel® Contactors are used for carbon dioxide removal from water in front of ion exchange beds. CO2 in the water places an excess load on ion exchange beds requiring more frequent chemical regeneration to take place. There is a cost savings and environmental benefit when using Liqui-Cel® Contactors instead of chemicals to remove carbon dioxide from water.

The contactors are small and compact and offer a preferred alternative to chemical injection and forced draft degasifiers. Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors have displaced forced draft deaerators in many industries for more than 10 years.

Technical Papers

Membrane Contactors: An Introduction To The Technology
This paper provides a good overview to Membrane Contactor technology. Principles of Membrane Contactor Operation and mass transfer principles are discussed.

Using Membrane Contactors For CO2 Removal To Extend Resin Bed Life
This case study discusses operating savings and efficiency improvements at City Public Service in San Antonio, Texas.  They chose Liqui-Cel Contactors over a forced draft deaerator for CO2 removal from water at their plant to extand resin bed life, lower operating costs, and do away with chemical addition.

Mansfield Brewery Uses Liqui-Cel® Membrane Contactors to Nitrogenate Beer
Nitrogen is added to beer with Liqui-Cel® Contactors to control CO2 content and produce a smooth keg beer that mimics cask–conditioned beer while maintaining the ‘head’ characteristics of a keg beer.